定语从句30句带翻译

一、定语从句概述
定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词是引导定语从句的词,包括that、which、who、whom和whose等。它们在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。例如:
I read a report about his new novel that will soon be published.(that作主语)
Do you know the professor who will give us a speech next week?(who作主语)
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.(whom作宾语)
I like those books whose topics are about history.(whose作定语)
关系代词的用法区别:
that通常用于先行词是人或物的场合,而which则在一些特定情况下使用,如先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身为序数词等。
who和whom用于先行词为人时,分别作主语和宾语。whose则用于修饰人或物的定语。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词用于引导表示时间、地点或原因等的定语从句。例如:
At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills.(where引导地点状语从句)
We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line.(when引导时间状语从句)
四、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明,与主句之间有逗号隔开。其位置可以放在句首、句中或句尾。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词包括which、as等。例如:
The supermarket, which was opened two months ago, is now closed down.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Nanjing, where I lived for five years, is very hot in summer.(where引导地点状语从句)
五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 位置:限制性定语从句紧跟在先行词之后,而非限制性定语从句则与主句之间有逗号隔开。
2. 引导词:限制性定语从句可使用所有的关系词,非限制性定语从句则通常使用which、as等。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。另外值得注意的是,as引导的定语从句可放在句首或句中,而which只能放在句中。在翻译时,限制性定语从句常译为前置定语,非限制性定语从句则常译为并列分句。
